At least 68 journalists have been killed in 2024, according to the latest report by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). For the second consecutive year, conflict zones have proven to be especially perilous for journalists, with over 60 percent of these deaths occurring in war-torn regions. This marks the highest percentage of journalist fatalities in conflict zones in more than a decade.

"Reliable information is vital in conflict situations to help affected populations and to enlighten the world," stated UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay. "It is unacceptable that journalists pay with their lives for this work. I call on all States to step up and ensure the protection of media workers, in accordance with international law," she added.

Conflict Zones Take the Heaviest Toll

The report reveals that 42 journalists were killed in conflict zones this year. Palestine, with 18 fatalities, recorded the highest toll. Other countries like Ukraine, Colombia, Iraq, Lebanon, Myanmar, and Sudan also reported multiple journalist deaths, underscoring the escalating risks in areas marked by violence and political instability.

This troubling data continues a distressing trend from 2023, when journalist killings in conflict zones surged. The past two years have seen more media workers lose their lives than any comparable period since 2016-2017.

A Silver Lining in Non-Conflict Zones

While conflict zones remain a critical concern, the report notes a slight decrease in overall journalist killings in 2024. Particularly notable was a reduction in non-conflict areas, where 26 journalists were killed — the lowest number recorded in 16 years.

Latin America and the Caribbean saw a significant drop in journalist deaths, from 43 in 2022 to just 12 in 2024. This decline suggests progress in addressing threats against journalists in regions traditionally plagued by violence against media workers.

Beyond Fatalities: Emerging Threats

UNESCO’s data, rigorously verified through collaboration with international press freedom organizations, excludes cases unrelated to journalistic work. However, dozens of cases remain under review, highlighting the complex challenges of protecting journalists worldwide.

The Organization continues its advocacy for press freedom through initiatives such as the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity.

In addition to physical risks, journalists face growing financial and legal pressures. A UNESCO study revealed a 42 percent rise in attacks on journalists reporting on environmental issues between 2019 and 2024, underscoring the evolving threats confronting the media.

Call for Action

UNESCO urges the international community to strengthen protections for journalists, ensuring their safety and safeguarding press freedom. As Ms Azoulay emphasised, "The quest for truth must not come at the ultimate cost."

Through its ongoing efforts, UNESCO remains committed to protecting journalists and fostering an environment where media workers can carry out their critical role without fear or compromise.